Assess the Significance of Developments in Policing Essay Example for Free

Evaluate the Significance of Developments in Policing Essay There were numerous critical improvements in policing which supported the adequacy of law authorization in Britain from the time of 1830 to 1965. Reasons concerning why improvements were fundamental in this period; right off the bat between the years 1829 †1850 there was a consistent increment in crime[1]. Furthermore as opportunity advanced lawbreakers thought of approaches to beat the policing framework, in this way it was essential for policing in Britain to create, so as to keep on wrongdoing. Improvement factors, for example, the foundation of the Metropolitan Police Force, going of key enactment were key advancements in policing which affected peace. Different improvements, for example, the reconstruction of penitentiaries and advancements in innovation, combined with jobs of people, for example, Elizabeth Fry and prominent cases like that of Oscar Wilde, additionally added to the viability of law implementation in the nineteenth and twentieth century. The main critical improvement in British policing, which eminently upheld successful law requirement was the foundation of the Metropolitan Police Force in 1830. This was an essentially crucial headway in law implementation as it was the first run through in British history that a sorted out policing power was presented and it refreshed the originated before arrangement of guardians and bow road sprinters. In any case, the power was met with changing mentalities from general society, quite a bit of which was sensationalized by the media[2]. Other significant Acts were actualized to help the Metropolitan police, particularly powers outside of London, for instance; the Municipal Corporations Act 1835. This was a huge advancement as it nationalized the police power along these lines permitting viable law authorization to happen all through the nation, dissimilar to before where it was limited to London[3]. Anyway the viability of these advancements can be addressed, as cops were frequen tly reprimanded for being alcoholics and bullies[4], in this manner they were doubted by the overall population. There were further endeavors to nationalize the police power, for example, the Rural Constabulary Act 1839. This was a critical improvement in lawâ enforcement as the enactment centered nationalizing policing in country regions. Then again, the implementation of the Act was optional[5] along these lines constraining its adequacy, the same number of wards were uneasy of its creation. By and by further enactment was spearheaded as the County and Borough Police Act of 1856, which saw each district securing an expert police force[6]. The administration empowered the turn of events and gave motivators, for example, paying for garments and pay to proficient police forces[7]. Officials accordingly, would have felt a feeling of obligation to their employments precisely as they had decent positions. Extra enactment permitted the policing powers of Britain to form into further branches, for example, the foundation of the C.I.D in 1877 which explored crimes. This advancement was critical as it released pressure on the Metropolitan police power and permitted a select power to concentrate on a case. Be that as it may, the introduction of the C.I.D acquired with the Turf Fraud Scandal, in this way leaving the open dubious and incredulous of the foundation. The C.I.D’s first significant test came as the Jack the Ripper Case in 1888[8], which ingrained dread all through the country. On the other hand the case was huge in another light, as police execution was over and again censured for its lack of ability and moderate work. Different cases, for example, The Arrest of Scotland Yard[9], didn't help the criminologist powers as they were again appeared as a wasteful and corruptive investigators. The advancement of the C.I.D likewise achieved the improvement of the Special Irish Branch in 1884, both which demonstrated their essentialness as they thwarted the death endeavor of Queen Victoria at her Golden Jubilee in 1887[10]. This was a noteworthy case as it indicated the open that both, the C.I.D and the Special Branch were compelling advancements of lawfulness as helpful work between powers guaranteed the assurance of the Queen and in this way the country. It is obvious that different elements contributed in impacting powerful peace and not just improvements in policing, for example the reorganization of penitentiaries. Jails in the eighteenth century have been scrutinized for their poor sanitation, poor food and everyday environments. It was commented that criminals in Britain lived â€Å"worse than hounds or swine†[11]. Compassionate Elizabeth Fry crusaded for the partition of ladies and kids from maleâ prisoners, particularly after she saw the shocking conditions in prisons[12]. Her work was advanced all through the House of Commons and with the help of Sir Robert Peel; they presented a progression of jail change including the Gaols Act 1823. This demonstrated the solid general supposition on issues with respect to peace, particularly as intercession of powerful people was apparent. By 1840 the legislature had perceived that detainment facilities should have been modernized, for example, the Pentonville jail in 1842. Improvements, for example, these implied that superintendents could control penitentiaries better and new systems could be worked out, for example, the different framework, where prisoners were kept in isolation from the earliest starting point of their sentence. This advancement supported compelling lawfulness as there were accounted for instances of transformed crooks, anyway the framework sent numerous crazy or drove them to self destruction, scrutinizing the system and the legislatures taking care of on the treatment of lawbreakers. Moreover, penitentiaries had been nationalized in 1877[13], this combined with the cruel systems prompted a consistent fall in crime[14], demonstrating the viability of this improvement on lawfulness. Further enactment, for example, the Prison Act 1898, reasserted the possibility of reorganization as the principle jo b in jail systems. This prompted a weakening of the different framework, the nullification of hard work, and set up the possibility that jail work ought to be profitable. The contention of the reconstruction of detainment facilities focused on youthful guilty parties. Transportation itself had finished in 1852, as reformists saw it as an indulgent discipline, anyway under the Reformation School Acts (1854); courts were permitted to send youngsters for transportation[15] setting twofold guidelines inside society, while history specialists contend that there were pretty much nothing, if any limits among kids and adults[16]. The Children’s Act of 1908, built up adolescent courts[17] and furthermore restricted jail sentences to those under 14 years old. This was huge in affecting compelling law requirement, as youngsters were seen with compassion and sympathy. The enactment additionally indicated that limits were being set for grown-ups and kids. During this period there was a general inclination that youngsters were carrying out wrongdoing because of lacking control and instruction at home, in this manner the Borstal System was introduced[18]. The primary components in the borstal programs included; instruction, customary work, professional preparing, and groupâ counselling, anyway the Borstal System end up being incapable as 75% of detainees still re-offended[19] . Further advancements came into realization as innovation, which incredibly impacted successful lawfulness. It has been contended that were in effect progressively caught[20], for example, headways through the improvement of finger imprinting in 1901[21]. The advancement expected to keep lawbreakers from covering past feelings. This improvement added to successful lawfulness as a database of lawbreakers was made which the police could use as a kind of perspective for recurrent guilty parties. Different apparatuses which helped the police power included Radio telecommunication and the utilization of the 999 framework in 1910. These advancements affected viable peace as the police had the option to discuss better with each other, yet additionally with those needing assistance. Anyway the impact of the modernisation of the police power implied that there was expanding dependence on electronical and innovative techniques, in this way estranging the normal cop from his community[22]. It very well may be contended that the utilization of media had additionally influenced the impact the adequacy of peace as general assessment had been affected using different Medias. The Oscar Wilde Case of 1895[23], exemplified how social orders cliché indecencies for example homosexuality, could be utilized against somebody in an official courtroom and request and convict them as a lawbreaker. Different cases, for example the Derek Bentley Case of 1952[24], demonstrated further unsuccessful labor of equity, as an inappropriate individual was hung. This case was noteworthy in affecting lawfulness as the media consideration helped increment social orders boundless uncertainty in the equity framework. An additional motivator that spurred the public’s change of mentality towards the death penalty and the unsuccessful labor of equity was the Ruth Ellis Case of 1955[25]. It was clear from this case, Ellis was didn't get the right lawful portrayal in court and the case was not completely examined. It was discovered after the preliminary; Ellis was a survivor of abusive behavior at home, which could have been the reason for her wrongdoing of enthusiasm. These prominent cases fortified the public’s resolve on the issue of the barbarity of the death penalty and the ever present actuality that there wasâ no relief for the individuals who were sentenced and hung. This prompted the significantly critical changes in enactment which impacted compelling lawfulness; the Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act of 1965[26]. This was vital in policing enactment as capital punishment was nullified. The abrogation was a noteworthy change in the twentieth century as the death penalty was seen with much abhorrence both from people in general and judges the same, who were particularly hesitant to give out capital punishments. I

Culture affects Essay Example for Free

Culture influences Essay This article will be focussed on contrasting two scenes from two unique plays, the primary characters and their characters, and how their way of life influences them. The two plays being referred to are Arthur Millers The Crucible and Blackrock by Nick Enright. Arthur Miller was an American dramatist who was conceived in 1915. He experienced childhood in New York to a Jewish family. He moved on from the University of Michigan in 1938 where he started to separate himself as a writer. His play The Crucible was written in 1953 and later adjusted to a film featuring Daniel Day Lewis and Winnona Rider in 1996. The Crucible propelled by the Salem Witch Trials. A gathering of honest young ladies are discovered moving and reciting in the woods around a fire. (Puritan England where all types of moving and happiness would be carefully illegal) To spare themselves from being rebuffed, they cry black magic and inside days the entire town goes frantic looking for the nearness of the Devil and his witches. The couple of legitimate and genuine individuals who don't deceive spare themselves from hanging are briskly killed, including John Proctor the principle male job. Scratch Enright was conceived in Maitland in New South Wales. He began his profession in the venue as a young person and composed Blackrock in 19 and later on in 1997 was adjusted to a film. Blackrock about an adolescents unspoiled surfer way of life is broken when a little youngster is mercilessly killed after a sea shore party and the examination approaches his friend network. The youngster Jared, must arrangement with his still, small voice and his feeling of dependability to his friends. Both the plays Blackrock and The Crucible albeit set in various timespans, both have a principle character confronted with a type of individual good difficulty. The choice among good and bad, and having the fearlessness to put yourself in danger in the interest of others. Act 4 of The Crucible The scene changes from the Vestry in the Courthouse to Salem jail. Marshall Herrick enters and awakens Goody Good and Tituba with the goal that they can be moved to an alternate cell. Tituba discloses to Herrick that they anticipate the Devil, who will fly them to Barbados. The Reverend Hale shows up and tells the detainees that they should admit to being witches so as to foil the crazy Court and abstain from being hanged. Reverend Parris finds that Abigail and Mercy Lewis have vanished subsequent to ransacking Parris and he speculates they may have boarded a boat. Parris defers disclosing to Danforth this news since he fears that there will be a defiance in Salem like the ongoing uprising in Andover. There they tossed out the Court, as the individuals were discontent with the proceedings. When Danforth finds out about the vanishing of Abigail he despite everything thinks about that the proof stands and won't defer the executions for it would be an indication of shortcoming. Sound begs him to reexamine or if nothing else give him an opportunity to convince the detainees to admit. Reverend Hale is experiencing issues in convincing the seven sentenced to death to admit, and he argues again with Danforth for additional time. He detects that Proctor is thinking about admitting, so he requests that Elizabeth converse with her significant other focusing on the future coming up for their kids in the event that he is hanged. Elizabeth feels liable for Proctors circumstance since she lied in Court. She likewise feels regretful for being dubious about her better half after the issue with Abigail. She reveals to Proctor that she absolutely pardons him for the issue. Delegate trusts that on the off chance that he makes an oral admission in Court, that will be adequate for his Judges, yet they require it recorded as a hard copy and it will be posted on the Church entryway. He can't confront this and, thusly, withdraws his admission. He would prefer to kick the bucket, and protect his great name.

Like Burger King Only Not (Guest Entry)

Like Burger King Only Not (Guest Entry) By Shannon Elizabeth Moran 12 You know that feeling when you wake up right before your alarm goes off, or you put on that favorite sweatshirt youve had since forever, or you get home after a long trip and just put down your bags and sigh because it feels so good to be home? Yeah. Thats kind of what going back to MIT feels like. So I visited back in February, had probably the second best time of my life (getting accepted and learning Calculus are tied for first Im quite serious), and knew absolutely for sure hands down no doubts that this was the place for me. If you want to get technical about it, CPW served no other purpose for me other than meeting new people and eating free food. Both of which I was fine with. About 15.3 other people have already told you all the events that made CPW amazing, though, which sort of makes me repetitive. Of course, theres the among other things. But those alone doesnt do this place justice, though citrus tastes oh-so-delicious. The best parts of my CPW were a mix of And you know what? I ended up at half of them by accident, or they werent even on the schedule, or I just happened to be walking along and think, Hey, that looks like fun. So Class of 2013, even though youre probably all reading this and are thinking, Ohmygods I cant wait to watch bouncy balls fall out of the sky and play in a ball pit and eat liquid nitrogen ice cream, what you get out of CPW will not be defined by what you read on the schedule though that part will be awesome, too. You only get one genuinely pre-froshy CPW, so take advantage of it if youre walking around in Baker and run into a bunch of current students who want to talk to you, stop and talk. You might just be there for an hour. Or if you dont think youre the Greek type, go to a frat party anyway. You might just have an awesome night. Your CPW is going to be as completely unique as you, so make the most of it. I mean, this was just my CPW. Have it your way.

Analysis Of 4 Cases - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1876 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? Case 1 Alzheimer’s disease is a condition that affects the cognitive ability of the patient especially to the aged. Particular care is necessary to ensure that the patient survives through the stages of memory loss. Jack has Alzheimers disease a condition characterized by memory loss and inability to conduct daily life activities. The disease is characterized by mental failure, especially in the aged persons. (McKhann   et al.,2011).   The early symptoms of the illness include mild memory loss, and later the disease affected the conversation and response of the patients to the environmental changes. Currently, no treatment is available for the cases of Alzheimer’s disease. Medical care and evaluation are necessary to establish the primary cause of the Alzheimer infection. Tests carried out include the blood test and the Brain Imaging. (Dubois et al.,2007) However, the disease can be tamed and or controlled. The diagnosis of the illness improves the quality of life for the patient. The therapy is conducted by the use cholinesterase inhibitors which slow the neuropsychiatric symptoms which include depression and agitation symptoms involved with the Alzheimer’s disease. The conven tional inhibitors include donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Analysis Of 4 Cases" essay for you Create order The disease was invented by the Greek and Roman Philosophers; he associated the condition with the aged person. The term later was aimed at after him. In a short spell, more people were discovered to have more disease.( Albert,et.al,2011)Though in his explanation he viewed the disease to affect both aged persons .in later years the Alzheimer’s disease was seen to resemble the disease that affected the young person. So the age factor was neglected in the treatment of the condition. In the analysis of the situation the Alzheimer’s disease was grouped into two ideal conditions (diagnosis for the young and Senile Alzheimer (aged) later scientifically the disease was given medical term Alzheimer’s disease. (Hardy et al.,2002) Given the current situation of the Jack the withdrawal and his unable to explain it becomes hard to justify the pain, he is undergoing. Also, the complicated views of the manifestation of the disease make the treatment carefully. Moreover, the lack of expression of the pain by the sick persons makes it hard to treat the diseases. Also, it’s hard to determine the person who will make the treatment of the disease a success as he has developed other complications in the health sector. The study of Jacks case aims to come up with a formulation of the best approach to the control and treatment of the infection. It will help the family members and the caregivers develop the mechanism of the diagnosis of the disease. Case 2 Given the seriousness of the infection and earlier manifestation of heart disease and transient ischemic attacks, particular care should be provided as the symptoms have resulted in the decline in the job execution. The patient is being diagnosed with vascular dementia which affects the flow of the blood in the cells arising from stroke or failure in the thinking. (Sahathevan et .al,2012)As the disease mostly affects the brain care should be taken to ensure that the illness is controlled as it will result in memory losses. The patient has vascular dementia which is characterized by confusion, vision loss, disorientation and inability to speak. (Emanuele et al., 2004).   The symptoms of the disease are grouped into three; Mild traumatic brain injury (concussion) the symptoms usually last for less than 30 minutes. The symptoms appear soon after the injury and can last for different times maybe hours long or days. The symptoms can also be moderate which lasts for a duration more than 30 minutes with more severe brain damage lasting longer. Also, we have a severe traumatic brain injury which lasts more than 24 hours. The symptoms are usually more severe and last longer. In the advanced stage of development, the disease causes a headache, inability to walk or paralysis in some parts of the body.( Suzuki, et al.,2004) Increased stroke causes the damage in the brain which results in the impairment of the speech and the functionality of the brain. The disease may be due to the damage of the brain either thro ugh an accident or infections by micro-organisms. Subjecting the patient to a change of the environment may have made the person to get stress which frequently results in depression and finally withdrawal of the individual. In the diagnosis, the information on the cause of the disease should adhere. There should be a collection of the information regarding the injury causes and the stage at which it is. Assessment of the confusion level . (Sahathevan et al.,2012)The two would give neurological examination an accurate time to enable the reflexive access to such factors as vision, hearing, and touch and balance which indicate the level of damage to the brain. The computed tomography and brain imaging are the treatment available.( Bjerke et .al, 2009)Depending on the severity of the brain injury, specialized health care is important where the patient should be introduced to rehabilitation measures. Close observation for mild brain injuries is manageable. It can be done either at home or in the health facilities. In the treatment, the history and the mode of manifestation should be looked. The cases may be sudden injury or evolve. The treatment should be formulated quick as they shorten the life and increas e the management cost. With no known cure then the treatment and cure of the infection become almost unattainable. The little knowledge among the practicing nurse makes it hard to treat the disease. In many cases, the patient ends up being treated for a different illness. This increases his suffering as well as shortens his lifespan. With the information, it’s easy to prepare result oriented care plan as all the information on the symptoms, control and actual diagnosis has been availed. Case 3 Delirium is a mental disorder resulting from low oxygen level in the brain. It results in the build-up of toxic chemicals that harbors the brains functions. The chief causative agent of the ailments is either drug abuse of infections associated with inflammation like pneumonia. (Kim, et.al,2018) Taking poisonous substances and alcoholic drinks can also cause the disease. Given the seriousness of the infection, consideration should be made to ensure that the patients are taken care. Delirium usually appears as infection of mind. It appears the body movement, sleeping patterns and the control of the muscles. The three factors result in a change in the emotional behavior. The patient seems confused and often finds it hard to concentrate. Also, the mood swings have been seen to the patients suffering from the disease.( Wass,2018) In later stages, the patients may find it hard to speak and think clearly and reduction in the short-term memory. The treatment of the disease is conducted through the use of (CAM) confusion assessment Method. The method involves the behavioral examination of the patient. This is done by analyzing the day’s behavior, listening skills and rambling. The disease may be caused by other factors in the brain. Analysis of the medical history and test could be run to determine the actual infection. Such tests include Blood chemistry test, urine test, head scans, chest X-ray test, drug, and alcohol test, thyroid test, and liver tests. The tests could give an accurate pictorial of the ailments and thus the treatment. Delirium has different approaches to the treatment.( Sprigings,2018) The treatment ranges from drug consumption to the behavioral change. In fact combination of medications and counseling has been seen to have a great impact in curbing of the spread of the disease. In adults, care should be taken as delirium has similar symptoms to dementia. (Kilgore, 2017) However based on the causative agent of the disease prescription will be given. Such examples include the use of antibiotics to treat bacteria. If the illness has to do with the lifestyle, then the doctor may require one to stop the use of alcohol or other related drugs. For the depressed patients, antidepressant drugs are used. In other cases, sedatives may be added to help control the alcoholic persons. In other circumstances, counseling is used to uplift the spirit of the infected person. The treatment acts to prevent the sick persons from engaging in crimes or unlawful acts. It brings comfort where the patients get the time speak his thoughts. With little facts or known treatment of delirium. Then the health practitioner finds it difficult to treat the patients. Most practitioners attach the infection as evil sent or bad omen. In other cases, they view the disease as stressed based. Meaning the sure maybe could be found through the conduct of religious activities. However the truth is the combined effort between the caretakers, family members, and the health practitioners could give a solution to the ailments Implementation of the methods listed above will make it possible for the cure and treatment of the infection. There will be full control of the infected person social and other primary engagements. The study of the change in behavior will bring an everlasting mark on the life of the patient. Case 4 Front-temporal dementia is a disorder affecting the front and temporal parts of the brains. It affects the major areas that control the behavior, personality, and language. As the disease is related to other infections such as suicidal thoughts care should be taken to ensure that the person does not commit suicide.( Rohrer et al.,2015) Depending on the particular part infected the symptoms vary. However, there are common symptoms such as emotional change, severe in language usage, stress. All these signs should work to sensitize on the care of the Alzheimer’s infected person. (Farina,2009) Also, the signs resembling the Alzheimer’s infection calls for particular attention to ensure the disease is discovered and treated well. It should be noted that Front-temporal dementia occurs a bit earlier than the Alzheimer’s disease. (Freischmidt,et al, 2015) Front-temporal dementia is a disease that affects s all persons regardless of the age factor. However, the most affected individuals are of the age 50-60 as this is the age the body immunity is decreasing. It is characterized by brain failure which can impair the judgment, foresight, conduct among many other combinational activities.In the second phase of the disease we have adverse effects on the language skills, writing and speaking. It occurs mostl y in persons aged 65 years or more. In this stage, the patient portrays inability to formulate spoken the language. He becomes hesitant with many grammatical issues. Also, we may, experience motor dysfunction in the patient who is characterized by the inability to have controlled movement in his joints and muscles. As the symptoms appear just like the other mental diseases, it becomes hard to discover the actual treatment that can be used. Also, the little knowledge on the infection makes the caretakers not to detect the ailments in the early stages. The cases are discovered late when the damage has already exceeded the one that can be controlled. If the frontal, temporal infection is detected early the diagnosis could be a success and less costly. The available control measures could help in managing the development of the disease. It would be of great importance to the caretakers and the infected persons as it would prolong their lives.

The Secrets of Resarch Paper Exposed

The Secrets of Resarch Paper Exposed If you aren't conscious of APA requirements just type in Google (or some other search engine) APA format and you are certain to find a good deal of results. Sample Section Headings The subsequent sample headings are supposed to be used only as a reference. To compose the text citations is essential because it gives the authentication of your research. The outline template should have all sections which are necessary in research paper format. The Importance of Resarch Paper On the flip side, you won't have the ability to rely on such assistance all the moment. All you need to perform is to compose the original paper from outline which you've finished. No matter the character of your research, if you're writing a paper an outline can help you to not just organize your thoughts, but in addition function as the template for your whole paper. Before you commence writing a single word of your paper, you first will need to understand what your thesis will be. Our research paper outline templates will allow you to save plenty of time and money. The 30-Second Trick for Resarch Paper Although a lot of scientists are busy people they're often ready to spend some time supplying you with information. Explain how you intend to begin conducting your research. So, so as to compose an impressive research paper you've got to devote some opportunity to preparations, especially if you don't have a lot of knowledge in academic writing. There's always APA research help if there's a need to use tools to create thesis statements and outlines. Research Paper isn't a task for a single day. As you are going to learn from looking through any excel lent research paper example, writing a fantastic paper involves so far more than simply throwing a lot of text and citations into a word processor and hoping for the very best. With the arrival of mapping applications like Google Earth, it's no harm to incorporate a map of the website or sites in the appendices. Find information Look for information online in addition to printed materials to create articles more evidence-based. You do not need to be concerned about the remainder of your research paper because the content will be contingent on the material written back on your index cards. If you believe writing of a research paper is just about gathering relevant materials and copy-pasting then in a different document, you're mistaken. An individual should realize that every Research Paper is a sophisticated writing because it must contain distinctive research and distinctive idea. A research paper includes a study that typically starts with the invention of a research paper outline. It is a very serious form of academic writing. The Tried and True Method for Resarch Paper in Step by Step Detail Research paper writing is quite an intriguing endeavor for students should they perform it with total dedication and motivation. Page-by-page, your assignment can be finished by the expert writers in short. There's something that helps students a fantastic deal till they begin their procedure for research paper writing. Writing tech papers is essential since it makes certain that the readers understand the papers. The Downside Risk of Resarch Paper So, first of all, a college research paper has to be informative. You should have a synopsis of your research in the debut of your report because it will supply a non-specialist with a fast history of the area. In the era of the web, it is getting increasingly important to make certain that your research are available, both on the web and on university intranet search facilities. Research papers are crucial for a student who would like to pursue higher degree of study. The New Fuss About Resarch Paper Attempting to compose a research paper on a topic that doesn't have a lot of resear ch on it's incredibly hard, so before you choose a topic, do a little bit of preliminary searching and be certain you are going to have all the info you must compose your paper. Make a short-term outline An outline will enable you to consider your entire topic carefully and to organize it logically before you commence writing.

Inline Skating Free Essays

Inline Skating Marketing Plan Pegasus Sports This sample marketing plan was created with Marketing Plan Pro software. Plan Outline †¢ Executive Summary †¢ Situation Analysis o Market Summary ? Market Needs ? Market Trends ? Market Growth o SWOT Analysis ? Strengths ? Weaknesses ? Opportunities ? Threats o Competition o Product Offering o Keys to Success o Critical Issues †¢ Marketing Strategy †¢ Financials †¢ Controls Executive Summary Pegasus Sports International is a start-up aftermarket inline skating accessory manufacturer. In addition to the aftermarket products, Pegasus is developing SkateTours, a service that takes clients out, in conjunction with a local skate shop, and provides them with an afternoon of skating using inline skates and some of Pegasus’ other accessories such as SkateSails. We will write a custom essay sample on Inline Skating or any similar topic only for you Order Now The aftermarket skate accessory market has been largely ignored. While there are several major manufacturers of the skates themselves, the accessory market has not been addressed. This provides Pegasus with an extraordinary opportunity for market growth. Skating is a booming sport. Currently most of the skating is recreational. There are however a growing number of competitions, both team orientated such as skate hockey as well as individual competitions such as speed skate racing. Pegasus will work to grow these markets as well as develop the skate transportation market, a more utilitarian use of skating. Several of Pegasus’ currently developed products have patents pending and local market research indicates that there is great demand for these products. Pegasus will achieve fast, significant market penetration that will be achieved through a solid business model, long range planning, and a strong management team that will able to execute on this exciting opportunity. The three principals on the management team have over 30 years of combined personal and industry experience. This extensive experience provides Pegasus with the empirical information as well as the passion to provide the skating market with much needed aftermarket products. Pegasus will sell their products initially through their website. This â€Å"Dell† direct to the consumer approach will allow Pegasus to achieve higher margins and maintain a close relationship with the customers which is essential for producing products that have a true market demand. By the end of the year, Pegasus will have developed relationships with different skate shops and will begin to sell some of their products through the use of retailers. [pic] Sales Forecast | | |2003 |2004 |2005 | |Sales | | | | |Recreational |$455,740 |$598,877 |$687,765 | |Competitive |$72,918 |$95,820 |$110,042 | |Total Sales |$528,658 |$694,697 |$797,807 | | | | | | |Direct Cost of Sales |2003 |2004 |2005 | |Recreational |$82,033 |$107,798 |$123,798 | |Competitive |$13,125 |$17,248 |$19,808 | |Subtotal Direct Cost of Sales |$95,159 |$125,046 |$143,605 | Situation Analysis Pegasus is entering their first year of operation. The products have been well received and marketing will be key to deve lop brand and product awareness as well as grow the customer base. Pegasus International offers several different aftermarket skating accessories, serving the growing inline skating industry. Market Summary Pegasus posesses good information about the market and knows a great deal about the common attributes of the most prized customer. This information will be leveraged to better understand who is served, their specific needs, and how Pegasus can better communicate with them. [pic] [pic] [pic] Market Analysis | | | |2003 |2004 |2005 |2006 |2007 | | |Potential Customers |Growth | | | | | |CAGR | |Recreational |10% |19,142,500|21,056,750|23,162,425|25,478,668|28,026,535|10. 00% | |Fitness |15% |6,820,000 |7,843,000 |9,019,450 |10,372,368|11,928,223|15. 00% | |Speed |10% |387,500 |426,250 |468,875 |515,763 |567,339 |10. 00% | |Total |11. 36% |26,350,000|29,326,000|32,650,750|36,366,799|40,522,097|11. 36% | Market Needs Pegasus is providing the skating community with a wide range of acc essories for all variations of skating. Pegasus seeks to fulfill the following benefits that are important to their customers: †¢ Quality craftsmanship: The customers work hard for the money and do not enjoy spending it on disposable products that only work for a year or two. †¢ Well thought out designs: The skating market has not been addressed by well thought out products that serve skaters needs. Pegasus’ industry experience and personal dedication to the sport will provide Pegasus with the needed information to produce insightfully designed products. †¢ Customer Service: Exemplary service is required to build a sustainable business that has a loyal customer base. Market Trends Pegasus will distinguish themselves by marketing products not previously available to skaters. The emphasis in the past has been to sell skates and very few replacement parts. The number of skaters is not restricted to any one single country, continent, or age group, so there is a world market. Pegasus has products for virtually every group of skaters. The fastest growing segment of this sport is the fitness skater. Therefore, the marketing is being directed to service this group. BladeBoots will enable them to enter establishments without having to remove their skates. BladeBoots will be aimed at the recreational skater, the largest segment; however SkateAids are great for everyone. There is one more way the sport of skating will grow, and that is through SkateSailing. This sport is primarily for the medium to advanced skater. The growth potential for this sport is tremendous. The sails Pegasus’ has manufactured so far have ended up in Europe. The same thing happened with windsurfing. It started out here in Santa Monica but did not take off until it had already grown big in Europe. More and more groups are getting together on skate excursions in cities all over the world. For example, San Francisco has night group skating that numbers in the hundreds of people. The market trends are showing continued growth in all directions of skating. [pic] [pic] Market Growth With the price of skates going down due to competition by so many skate companies, the market has had steady growth throughout the world, with 22. 5 million in 1999 to over 31 million in 2002. The growth statistics for 2003 are estimated to be over 35 million. More and more people are discovering, and in many cases rediscovering, the health benefits and fun of skating. [pic] [pic] SWOT Analysis The following SWOT analysis captures the key strengths and weaknesses within the company, and describes the opportunities and threats facing Pegasus. Strengths †¢ In-depth industry experience and insight. †¢ Creative, functional product designers. †¢ The use of a highly efficient, flexible business model utilizing direct customer sales and distribution. Weaknesses The reliance of outside capital necessary to grow the business. †¢ A lack of retailers who can work directly face to face with the customer to generate brand and product awareness. †¢ The difficulty to develo ping brand awareness as a start-up company. Opportunities †¢ Participation within a growing industry. †¢ Decreased product costs through scales of economy. †¢ The ability to leverage other industry participants marketing efforts to help grow the general market. Threats †¢ Future/ potential competition from an already established market participants. †¢ A slump in the economy that could have a negative effect on people’s spending discretionary income on fitness/ recreational products. The release of a study that calls into question the safety of skating or the inability to prevent major skating induced traumas. Competition Pegasus Sports International is forming its own market. While there are a few companies that do make sails and foils that a few skaters are using, Pegasus is the only one that is truly designed for and by skaters. The few competitors’ sails are not designed for skating, but for windsurfing or for skateboards. In the case of fo ils, storage and carrying are not practical. There are different indirect competitors who are manufactures of the actual skates. After many years in the market, these companies have yet to become direct competitors by manufacturing accessories for the skates that they manufacture. Product Offering Pegasus Sports International now offers several products: †¢ The first product that has been developed is BladeBoots, a cover for the wheels and frame of in-line skates, which allow skaters to enter places that normally would not allow them in. BladeBoots come with a small pouch and belt which converts to a well-designed skate carrier. †¢ The second product is SkateSails. These sails are specifically designed for use while skating. Feedback that Pegasus has received from skaters indicates this could become a very popular sport. Trade marking this product is currently in progress. †¢ The third product will be referred to as SkateAid and be in production by December. Other ideas for products are under development, but Pegasus must hold back until they can protect themselves through pending patent applications. Keys to Success The keys to success are simply designing and producing products that meet market demand. Additionally, Pegasus must ensure total customer satisfaction. If these keys to success are achieved, Pegasus will become a profitable, sustainable company. Critical Issues Pegasus is still in the speculative stages as a start-up business. The critical issues are: †¢ Establish themselves as the premier skating accessory company. †¢ Pursue controlled growth that dictates that payroll expenses will never exceed the revenue base. This will help protect against recessions. Constantly monitor customer satisfaction, ensuring that the growth strategy will never compromise service and satisfaction levels. Marketing Strategy The key to the marketing strategy is focusing on the speed, health and fitness, and recreational skaters. Pegasus can cover about 80% of the skating market since they produce products geared towards each segment. Pegasus is able to address all of the different segments within the market because although each segment is distinct in terms of its users and equipment, Pegasus’ products are useful to all of the different segments. Mission Pegasus Sports International’s mission is to provide the customer with the finest skating accessories available. We exist to attract and maintain customers. With a strict adherence to this maxim, success will be ensured. Our services and products will exceed the expectations of the customers. Marketing Objectives †¢ Maintain positive, strong growth each quarter (not withstanding seasonal sales patterns). †¢ Achieve a steady increase in market penetration. †¢ Decrease customer acquisition costs by 1. 5% a quarter. Financial Objectives †¢ Increase the profit margin by 1% per quarter through efficiency and scale of economy gains. †¢ Maintain a significant research and development budget (as a percentage relative to sales) to spur future product developments. †¢ A double to triple digit growth rate for the first three years. Target Markets With a world skating market of over 31 million and steadily growing (statistics released by the Sporting Goods Manufacturers Association), the niche has been created. Pegasus’ aim is to expand this market by promoting SkateSailing, a new sport which is popular at both Santa Monica and Venice Beach in California. The Sporting Goods Manufacturers Association survey indicates that skating now has more participation than football, softball, skiing, and snowboarding combined. The breakdown of participation of skating is as follows: 1+% speed (growing), 8% hockey (declining), 7% extreme/aggressive (declining), 22% fitness (nearly seven million–the fastest growing), and 61% recreational (first-timers). Our products are targeting the fitness and recreational groups, as they are the fastest growing. These groups are gearing themselves towards health and fitness, and combined, they can easily grow to 85% (or 26 million) of the market in the next five years. Positioning Pegasus will position themselves as the premier aftermarket skating accessory company. This positioning will be achieved by leveraging their competitive edge: industry experience and passion. Pegasus is a skating company formed by skaters for skaters. They are able to use their vast experience and personal passion for the sport to develop innovative, useful accessories for a broad range of skaters. Strategies The single objective is to position Pegasus as the premier skating accessory manufacturer, serving both the domestic market as well as international market. The marketing strategy will seek to first create customer awareness concerning the offered products and services and develop the customer base. The message that Pegasus will seek to communicate is that they offer the best-designed, most useful skating accessories. This message will be communicated through a variety of methods. The first will the use of their robust website. As well as a rich source of product information, the site will also be used for purchasing. A lot of time and money will be invested into the site to provide the customer with the perception of total professionalism and utility for Pegasus’ products and services. The second method will be advertisements placed in numerous industry magazines. The skating industry is supported by several different glossy magazines designed to promote the industry as a whole. Additionally, there are a couple of smaller periodicals that serve the smaller market segments within the skating industry. The last method of communication is the use of printed sales literature. The two previously mentioned marketing methods will create demand for the sales literature that will be sent out to customers. The cost of the sales literature will be fairly minimal as it will use the already compiled sales information from the website. Marketing Mix Pegasus’ marketing mix is comprised of the following approaches to pricing, distribution, advertising and promotion, and customer service. †¢ Pricing: This will be based on a per product retail price. †¢ Distribution: Initially Pegasus will use a direct to the consume distribution model. Over time Pegasus will use retailers as well. †¢ Advertising and Promotion: Several different methods will be used for the advertising effort. †¢ Customer Service: Pegasus will strive to achieve benchmarked levels of customer care. Marketing Research Pegasus is blessed with good fortune of being located in the center of the skating world, Venice, CA. Pegasus will be able to leverage this opportune location by working with many of the different skaters that live in the area. Pegasus was able to test out all of their products, not only with the principals who are accomplished skaters, but also the many other dedicated and â€Å"newbie† users located in Venice. The extensive product testing by a wide variety of users provided Pegasus with valuable product feedback and has led to several design improvements. Financials This section will offer the financial overview of Pegasus as it related to the marketing activities. Pegasus will address Break-even Analysis, sales forecasts, expense forecast, and indicate how these activities link to the marketing strategy. Break-even Analysis The break-even analysis indicates that $7,760 will be required in monthly sales revenue to reach the break-even point. [pic] [pic] [pic] Break-even Analysis | | | | |Monthly Revenue Break-even |$6,372 | | | | |Assumptions: | | |Average Percent Variable Cost |18% | |Estimated Monthly Fixed Cost |$6,363 | Sales Forecast Pegasus feels that the sales forecasting is conservative. Pegasus will steadily increase sales as the advertising budget allows. Please refer to the Sales Forecast Chart. Please note that while in the market segmentation section all of the potential customers have been broken down into separate groups, for the sales forecasts, the grouping has been changed Recreational and Competitive. By reducing the number of categories it allows the reader to quickly discern information, making the chart more functional. [pic] [pic] Expense Forecast The expense forecast will be used as a tool to keep the department in target and provide indicators when corrections / modifications are needed for the proper implementation of the marketing plan. [pic] [pic] [pic] Marketing Expense Budget | | |2003 |2004 |2005 | |Website |$25,000 |$8,000 |$10,000 | |Advertisements |$8,050 |$15,000 |$20,000 | |Other |$1,725 |$2,000 |$3,000 | | |———— |———— |———— | |Total Sales and Marketing Exp enses |$34,775 |$25,000 |$33,000 | |Percent of Sales |6. 58% |3. 60% |4. 14% | Controls The purpose of Pegasus’ marketing plan is to serve as a guide for the organization. The following areas will be monitored to gauge performance: †¢ Revenue: monthly and annual. †¢ Expenses: monthly and annual. †¢ Customer satisfaction. †¢ New product development. Implementation The following milestones identify the key marketing programs. It is important to accomplish each one on time and on budget. [pic] Milestones | | | | | | | | |Advertising |Start Date |End Date |Budget |Manager |Department | |Marketing plan completion |1/1/2003 |2/1/2003 |$0 |Stan |Marketing | |Webiste completion |1/1/2003 |3/15/2003 |$20,400 |outside firm |Marketing | |Advertising campaign #1 |1/1/2003 |6/30/2003 |$3,500 |Stan |Marketing | |Advertising campaign #2 |3/1/1999 |12/30/2003 |$4,550 |Stan |Marketing | |Development of the retail channel|1/1/2003 |11/30/2003 |$0 |Stan |Marketing | |Name me |1/1/2003 |1/15/2003 |$0 |ABC |Department | |Name me |1/1/2003 |1/15/2003 |$0 |ABC |Department | |Name me |1/1/2003 |1/15/2003 |$0 |ABC |Department | |Name me |1/1/2003 |1/15/2003 |$0 |ABC |Department | |Other |1/1/2003 |1/15/2003 |$0 |ABC |Department | |Total Advertising Budget | | |$28,450 | | | |PR |Start Date |End Date |Budget |Manager |Department | |Name me |1/1/2006 |1/15/2006 |$0 |ABC |Department | |Name me |1/1/2006 |1/15/2006 |$0 |ABC |Department | |Name me |1/1/2006 |1/15/2006 |$0 |ABC |Department | |Other |1/1/2006 |1/15/2006 |$0 |ABC |Department | |Total PR Budget | | |$0 | | | |Direct Marketing |Start Date |End Date |Budget |Manager |Department | |Name me |1/1/2006 |1/15/2006 |$0 |ABC |Department | |Name me |1/1/2006 |1/15/2006 |$0 |ABC |Department | |Name me |1/1/2006 |1/15/2006 |$0 |ABC |Department | |Other |1/1/2006 |1/15/2006 |$0 |ABC |Department | Total Direct Marketing Budget | | |$0 | | | |Web Development |Start Date |End Date |Budget |Manager |Department | |Nam e me |1/1/2006 |1/15/2006 |$0 |ABC |Department | |Name me |1/1/2006 |1/15/2006 |$0 |ABC |Department | |Name me |1/1/2006 |1/15/2006 |$0 |ABC |Department | |Other |1/1/2006 |1/15/2006 |$0 |ABC |Department | |Total Web Development Budget | | |$0 | | | |Other |Start Date |End Date |Budget |Manager |Department | |Name me |1/1/2006 |1/15/2006 |$0 |ABC |Department | |Name me |1/1/2006 |1/15/2006 |$0 |ABC |Department | |Name me |1/1/2006 |1/15/2006 |$0 |ABC |Department | |Other |1/1/2006 |1/15/2006 |$0 |ABC |Department | |Total Other Budget | | |$0 | | | |Totals | | |$28,450 | | | Contingency Planning Difficulties and Risks †¢ Problems generating visibility, a function of being a internet-based start-up organization. †¢ An entry into the market by an already established market competitor. Worst Case Risks Include †¢ Determining that the business cannot support itself on an ongoing basis. †¢ Having to liquidate equipment or intellectual capital to cover liabilities. How to cite Inline Skating, Papers

Pollution Observation Essay Example

Pollution Observation Paper Air pollution is the introduction into the atmosphere of chemicals, particulates, or biological materials that cause discomfort, disease, or death to humans, damage other living organisms such as food crops, or damage the natural environment or built environment. The atmosphere is a complex dynamic natural gaseous system that is essential to support life on planet Earth. Stratospheric ozone depletion due to air pollution has long been agonized as a threat to human health as well as to the Earths ecosystems. Indoor air pollution (see Airlock) and urban air quality are listed as of the Worlds Worst Toxic Pollution Problems in the 2008 Blacksmith Institute Worlds Worst Polluted Places report. Air pollution control procedures are increasingly an important part of civic administration, although their goals are far from easy to achieve. It is also noticeable that although many urban concentrations of primary pollutants, for example, smoke and sulfur dioxide, are on the decline in developed countries, this is not always true in evolving countries. Here the desire for rapid industrial growth has often lowered urban air quality. Secondary air pollutants are generally proving a more difficult problem to eliminate than primary pollutants like smoke. Solid waste Answers must be provided about what measures are being taken to resolve this problem of solid waste in our environment. * slide 1 of 13 Solid waste is a collective term used to distinguish non-biodegradable materials and discards that come from sources like: * Households * Businesses and Commercial establishments * Manufacturers or Industrial sites We will write a custom essay sample on Pollution Observation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pollution Observation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pollution Observation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Biomedical sources like hospital and clinics. They are the trash collected by the municipal waste management units for segregation according to the process of disposal. Solid wastes are generally composed of non-biodegradable and non-comfortable biodegradable materials. The latter refer to solid wastes whose bio deterioration is not complete; in the sense that the enzymes Of microbial communities that feed on its residues cannot cause its disappearance or conversion into another compound. Parts of liquid waste materials are also considered as solid sates, where the dredging of liquid wastes will leave solid sedimentation, to which proper waste management techniques should also be applied. * slide off What Is Pollution Caused by Solid Waste? Solid waste pollution is when the environment is filled with non- biodegradable and Nan-comfortable biodegradable wastes that are capable of emitting greenhouse gases, toxic fumes, and particulate matters as they accumulate in open landfills. These wastes are also capable of leaching organic or chemical compositions to contaminate the ground where such wastes lay in accumulation. Solid wastes carelessly thrown in streets, highways, and alleyways can cause pollution when they are carried off by rainwater run-offs or by flood water to the Water Pollution Chemical pollution of surface water can create health risks, because such waterways are often used directly as drinking water sources or connected with shallow wells used for drinking water. In addition, Waterways have important roles for washing and cleaning, for fishing and fish farming, and for recreation. Another major source of drinking water is groundwater, which often has low concentrations of pathogens because the water is filtered urine its transit through underground layers of sand, clay, or rocks. However, toxic chemicals such as arsenic and fluoride can be dissolved from the soil or rock layers into groundwater. Direct contamination can also occur from badly designed hazardous waste sites or from industrial sites. In the United States in the sass, the government set in motion the Superfine Program, a major investigation and cleanup program to deal with such sites (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 2000). Coastal pollution of seawater may give rise to health hazards because of local contamination of fish or hellish?for instance, the mercury contamination of fish in the infamous Inanimate disease outbreak in Japan in 1 956 (WHO 1976). Seawater pollution with persistent chemicals, such as polycarbonate phenols (Pubs) and dioxins, can also be a significant health hazard even at extremely low concentrations (Yeast and others 2001). Based on my observation here in our country maybe the result of our water pollution is our waste that we throw in different place that we can see in lake, sea and etc. That causes flood by simply throwing our waste in such different place that blocks our passage of water irrigation.